On March 1945, the largest convoy of US Navy ships and personnel sailed from a base in the Pacific Ocean.
Where was this base? This monumental force comprised of 106 destroyers, 29 aircraft carriers, 15 battleships, and 23 cruisers and you can just imagine how many support personnel was required.
The US base was located on Ulithi. At the time, it was the largest and most strategic, but it was unknown; very few civilians had heard of it.
By the time the US Command released Ulithi’s name, the incredible base was deserted. The war had moved on to Japan; Ulithi was history, and the press was not about to print ancient news.
Ulithi is 1300 miles south of Japan, specifically Tokyo, 850 miles east of the Philippines, and 360 miles southwest of Guam.
It is a classic Pacific atoll with coral reef, palm trees, and white sand. It had depths ranging 80 to 100 feet; suitable depths for anchoring the huge naval ships. It was the only fitting haven for 800 miles where the US Navy could anchor its ships.
The coral reef is approximately 20 miles long and 10 miles wide, and there are over 30 little islands rising slightly above sea level, the largest only half a square mile in area.
This natural geography provided a natural harbor, as well as protection for the huge naval force.
September 1944 – the US Navy landed and found 400 natives and three enemy soldiers residing there. The natives were settled on four larger islands, Sorlen, Falalop, Asor, and Mogmog and they were all moved to a smaller island, Fassarai.
Once they were relocated, the Navy quickly utilized the space on these four islands. Sorlen was set up as a shop for maintaining and repairing the 105 landing craft-vehicle-personnel (LCVPs) and the 45 landing craft mechanized (LCMs) that became beasts of all work in the absence of small boats.
A 3,500-foot airstrip was built at Falalop; it was just barely wide enough to handle the Douglas DC-3s and the R5C Commandos that would arrive from Guam. On a weekly basis 4565 sacks of mail, 262,251 pounds of air freight, and 1269 passengers would land on this airstrip.
The headquarters, radio station, water evaporator (rain was the only supply of fresh water), tents, a small boat pier, a cemetery, and the port director were located at Asor.
Mogmog was the location for recreation. What was next? Where were they going to locate the actual Naval Base?
Enter Commodore Worrall R. Carter, commander of Service Squadron Ten, which Admiral Nimitz called – the secret weapon.
The Commodore, who survived Pearl Harbor, created the phenomenal mobile service command that allowed the US Navy to head for Japan in great strides. Instead of utilizing the costly and time-consuming alternative of seizing hundreds of small islands on which to build a series of land bases and air strips.
Six thousand ship fitters, carpenters, electricians, and welders arrived at Ulithi aboard repair ships, destroyer support ships, and floating dry docks within a month of the occupation; afloat in the Pacific, an entire naval base was in operation.
One of the support vessels, the USS AJAX had an air-conditioned shop with a supply of base metals from where any required parts would be made.
Many refrigerated and food supply ships operated by a three-tier team:
Ship # 1 docked at Ulithi was emptied of its supplies and then headed out to relieve
Ship # 2 which was at the rear dock being loaded with more supplies, while
Ship # 3 was on the way to Ulithi to relieve Ship # 1.
More than half the ships had to be towed to actually dock. Some of them remained docked to serve as inventory warehouses as the recurring system of load, unload, and distribute provided food and stores for the base and personnel.
This kind of chain was all part of the systematic benefits provided by Service Squadron Ten and went all the way back to the United States. As a point of interest, the newspapers and some magazines portrayed England on the verge of sinking under the accumulation of troops and material stationed for the invasion of Normandy.
Now, from Ulithi, the invasion of Japan?
The troop landings at Okinawa were not documented well, but in actuality, they involved more ships, supplies, and men, – including 600,000 gallons of fuel oil, 1,500 freight cars of ammunition, and enough food to provide a huge population with three meals per day for fifteen consecutive days.
Some of the smaller ships provided numerous services, such as the ice cream skiff – it made 500 gallons each shift and the USS ABATAN, which looked like a big tanker but was really distilling fresh water, as well as baking pies and bread.
Fleet fuel ships were dispatched from Ulithi to refuel the combat ships that were in or near the strike areas.
They also had additional men, and carried the mail and medical supplies, and began to supply orders for spare parts to the mechanics at Ulithi.
When the Leyte Gulf was secured by the Allies, the floating base from Ulithi moved on.
Just a few short months ago, with a temporary population of a large US city, and the ruler of the Pacific; it was reduced to little more than a tanker depot.
As before the war, it became a lonely, quiet coral island.
Part 1
Ulithi Atoll
Ulithi Atoll
US Navy 1944 berthing chart for the Northern Anchorage of the Ulithi Lagoon, Caroline Islands
Ships of the 3rd fleet Ulithi December 1944
Ships of the 3rd fleet Ulithi December 1944
Ships of the 5th fleet Ulithi
Ulithi January 1945
Murderer’s Row the carriers Wasp (CV 18), Yorktown (CV 10), Hornet (CV 12), and Hancock (CV 19) anchored in Ulithi Atoll Dec 1944
Ulithi Anchorage
Ulithi Anchorage
Murderer’s Row the carriers Wasp (CV 18), Yorktown (CV 10), Hornet (CV 12), and Hancock (CV 19) anchored in Ulithi Atoll Dec 1944
Murderer’s Row
USS North Carolina at Ulithi
Ulithi Anchorage
Ulithi Anchorage
USS South Dakota Ulithi
USS South Dakota Ulithi
R&R on Mog-Mog Island in Ulithi Atoll
Mog-Mog liberty c 1944
Mog-Mog liberty c 1944
Mog-Mog liberty c 1944
Mog-Mog liberty c 1944
Mog-Mog O-club
Mog-Mog liberty
Mog-Mog baseball
Mog-Mog beach
Mog-Mog beach liberty
Ulithi R&R
Ulithi R&R
Mail call Ulithi c 1944
Mog-Mog liberty
Mog-Mog liberty
Ulithi
Officers of Bombing Squadron (VB) 4 pictured with an SB2C Helldiver on the flight deck of the carrier Essex (CV 9) at Ulithi Atoll.
F6F-5N Hellcat aircraft of VMF(N)-541, MAG-45, are on the ground at Falalop Island, Ulithi Atoll 1945
R4D Aircraft Used as a Projection Room for Movies, Ulithi, 1944
Corsair at Ulithi Atoll strip