The continued mystery of John F. Kennedy’s assassination, the 35th President of the United States, continues to be a captivating chapter of American political history. Following fatal gunshot injuries to his head and neck, his body was transferred from Texas to Washington, DC, in a bronze casket. Interestingly, it is not commonly known that the casket used to transport his body was different from the one in which he was eventually laid to rest.
John F. Kennedy’s assassination
On November 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy, accompanied by Texas Governor John Connally and their spouses, was traveling in a motorcade through downtown Dallas. At 12:30PM, gunfire erupted from the Texas School Book Depository, targeting the procession. The assailant responsible for the shooting was identified as US Marine Corps veteran Lee Harvey Oswald, who’d recently gotten a job at the book depository.
Kennedy sustained injuries to his head and neck, and Connally was struck in the back. Kennedy was promptly taken to Parkland Memorial Hospital, where he was declared deceased at 1:00 PM. Despite sustaining serious wounds, Connally eventually recuperated from his injuries.
Shortly before 2:40 PM, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, who had been traveling with the Kennedys in the motorcade and was positioned two cars behind during the incident, was inaugurated as the 36th president of the United States aboard Air Force One.
The need for two coffins
Immediately following Kennedy’s assassination, a member of his team contacted O’Neal’s Funeral Home in Dallas, requesting their finest casket be delivered to the hospital. Vernon O’Neal, the owner of the funeral home, chose a bronze casket with a white satin lining, manufactured by the Elgin Casket Company. This casket was expensive, costing $3,995, which would equate to over $36,000 today.
Upon arriving at the hospital with the casket in the hearse, O’Neal was horrified by the condition of Kennedy’s body. Blood continued to seep from the gunshot wounds, prompting O’Neal and several nurses to quickly wrap the body in linen sheets and line the casket with plastic to avoid staining the interior.
The casket was not useable for the viewing
At Jacqueline Kennedy’s request, the autopsy took place at Bethesda Naval Hospital, near Washington, DC. Her husband’s body was transported in the passenger section of Air Force One back to the nation’s capital. Upon opening the coffin at the hospital, the doctors discovered that O’Neal’s protective measures had been inadequate.
Once the body was embalmed, the casket was deemed unsuitable for Kennedy’s viewing at the Capitol Building and was replaced. Unsure of what to do with the original, the funeral home that handled the embalming kept it for over a year.
Preventing it from falling into the hands of the “morbidly curious”
After Kennedy was buried, a dispute arose between the US government and Vernon O’Neal regarding the cost of the original coffin. The government considered the price to be exorbitant, while O’Neal sought its return to Dallas, having received offers of $100,000—almost $1 million in today’s money—from interested buyers.
Not wanting the casket to fall into the possession of the “morbidly curious,” the government settled its debt with O’Neal and stored it in the National Archives, where it stayed for two years.
Burying the casket at sea
In 1999, records were released detailing the final handling of the casket following its stay at the National Archives. At the time, Robert Kennedy, who was the United States Attorney General, had requested that the government ensure the casket was buried at sea to prevent it from falling into the hands of those who might exploit his brother’s death. Once this request was granted, the task of its disposal was assigned to the US military.
A submarine commander was tasked with coming up with a secure method for dropping and sinking the casket. The casket was then transferred to the US Air Force, where it was modified with 42 holes drilled into it and loaded with three 80-pound sandbags. To ensure it did not break apart upon hitting the water, two parachutes were also attached.
A transport plane took it out to the Atlantic Ocean
On a brisk February morning in 1966, a C-130 Hercules transport plane took off from its base and flew out into the Atlantic Ocean, approximately 100 miles east of Washington, DC. The area, used as the military’s dumping ground for unused and outdated ammunition and weapons, was chosen because it was out of the way of regular shipping and air travel and would “not be disturbed by trawling and other sea-bottom activities.”
After descending to 500 feet, the tail hatch of the plane was opened and the casket was dropped into the water. According to a February 25, 1966 memo from the special assistant to the defense secretary, “the parachutes opened shortly before impact and the entire rigged load remained intact and sank sharply, clearly and immediately after a soft impact.” After circling the area for 10 minutes, the C-130 flew back to the mainland.
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The casket’s fate was rather fitting, as Kennedy, a Navy veteran, had once considered a burial at sea.