Following his service in the Vietnam War, US Air Force Tech. Sgt. Leonard Matlovich took on a new fight against the military establishment. His story gained international fame in 1975 when he challenged the ban on homosexuality and openly revealed his sexual orientation.
Matlovich’s steadfast bravery and the following legal battles largely impacted numerous groups’ pursuit of equality.
Leonard Matlovich’s early life
Leonard Matlovich’s connection to the US military began on July 6, 1943, when he was born at Hunter Air Force Base, Georgia, where his father, a retired sergeant from the US Air Force, was stationed. His upbringing was spent primarily on military bases, as his family relocated to various installations across the southern states.
Raised in the Catholic faith, Matlovich attended Bishop England High School in South Carolina. Nonetheless, he humorously remarked that he “graduated from Air Force high school.” As a teenager and young adult, Matlovich admitted to holding regressive views, including opposition to the 1964 Civil Rights Act, an admiration for Confederate symbols, and much prejudice against homosexuals, despite his own personal struggles.
Service in Vietnam
Given his family’s long lineage of military service, Leonard Matlovich naturally gravitated towards a similar path. At 19, he enlisted in the US Air Force, coinciding with America’s increased presence in Vietnam.
Identified as a patriot, Matlovich eagerly sought combat duty and volunteered for overseas assignments. He completed three tours with the Air Force, although specific mission details are hard to find. Documented records attest to Matlovich’s outstanding service. During sentry duty, he took out two Viet Cong soldiers, resulting in the award of a Bronze Star. While stationed in Đà Nẵng, he sustained injuries from an enemy land mine, meriting the Purple Heart.
His time in Vietnam profoundly reshaped Matlovich’s perspectives on race, as he served alongside individuals of diverse backgrounds. This experience also caused a shift in his attitudes towards homosexuality, prompting a journey towards self-acceptance.
Leonard Matlovich takes a stand
After completing his service in Vietnam, Leonard Matlovich became a race relations instructor and a drug abuse counselor back in the United States. It was during this time that he finally began to accept who he really was, visiting gay bars and coming out to certain friends.
Things changed even more for Matlovich in March 1974, after he read an article by activist Frank Kameny in the Air Force Times, who was looking for a serviceman to challenge the gay ban in the US military. Matlovich reached out, and with his perfect service record was deemed an ideal fit.
With the help of American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) attorney David Addlestone, they came up with their plan. On March 6, 1975, Matlovich delivered a personal letter to his commanding officer at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, which read, in part, “I consider myself to be a homosexual and fully qualified for further military service. My almost twelve years of unblemished service supports this position.”
Military discharge
Leonard Matlovich boasted an impeccable record, yet it did little to change the entrenched stance of the US military at that time.
Despite his exceptional service, military regulations theoretically permitted his continued service. However, when Matlovich refused to sign a document pledging to “never practice homosexuality again,” he was declared unfit for duty. His General (Under Honorable Conditions) Discharge was completed in October 1975.
Matlovich embarked on a lengthy legal battle for reinstatement. Eventually, the US Air Force capitulated, reinstating him and even promoting him. In turn, they offered Matlovich a large financial settlement of $160,000. He accepted, believing that any further attempt to rejoin the military would only result in another discharge.
Leonard Matlovich’s enduring legacy
Leonard Matlovich may have lost his military career, but he became an icon for gay rights. He was featured in Time magazine, the first time an openly-gay man was placed on the cover of a major publication. He continued to be an activist in the community, assisting in many different campaigns to prevent homosexual discrimination.
Tragically, in September 1986, Matlovich was diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Despite the toll this and his treatment took on him, he continued his advocacy, particularly against President Ronald Reagan‘s response to the crisis.
On June 22, 1988, Matlovich died after suffering complications from the condition. He was buried in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington DC, as the US military wouldn’t allow his memorial headstone to be included among those at Arlington National Cemetery. It reads: “When I was in the military, they gave me a medal for killing two men and a discharge for loving one.”
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Matlovich’s grave now serves as a memorial to gay veterans, as well as a site of ceremony for gay rights activists.
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