The Indigenous Peoples Who Australians Viewed As Saviors During World War II

Photo Credit: Unknown Author / US Army Military History Institute / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain
Photo Credit: Unknown Author / US Army Military History Institute / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain

Alongside the Allies who braved the fighting in the Territory of Papua were a group of selfless heroes known as the “Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels.” These Indigenous men provided invaluable assistance to the wounded Australian soldiers fighting in the treacherous and unfamiliar terrain; they braved dense jungles, hazardous mountains and inhospitable conditions to bring aid and comfort.

Kokoda Track Campaign

Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels carrying an injured corporal on a stretcher
Corporal being carried by the “Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels” after being injured during the Kokoda Track Campaign, 1942. (Photo Credit: Afro American Newspapers / Gado / Getty Images)

The Kokoda Track Campaign was a notoriously grueling engagement in the Pacific Theater that was fought by the Australian and Japanese from July to November 1942. Spanning between 37 and 60 miles, depending on the route, the stretch of path witnessed the fight for control over what was then Australian-controlled Papua.

With the combatants forced to navigate rugged and unforgiving terrain, the campaign was marked by intense fighting, harsh environmental conditions and a relentless struggle for control. The Australians, outnumbered and ill-equipped, displayed immense courage and resilience as they defended against the advancing Japanese.

Key engagements included the fighting at Isurava, Brigade Hill and Imita Ridge, with both sides experiencing heavy casualties. Australia suffered 625 dead and 1,055 wounded, while the Japanese are estimated to have lost 2,050 soldiers and an additional 4,500 injured.

Ultimately, the Australians, supported by the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels, successfully repelled the Japanese advance and secured a crucial victory.

‘Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels’

Two Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels helping Jerry Cronin cross a creek
“Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels” helping Australian Pvt. Jerry Cronin cross a creek after being injured at Mount Tambu, 1942. (Photo Credit: Gordon Herbert Short / Australian War Memorial / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain)

Admittedly a strange name, the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels were given this nickname by British soldiers in the 19th century because of their hair. They were local villagers under the service of Australian troops during the Second World War.

Under orders from Maj. Gen. Basil Morris, these men could be conscripted as military carriers for three-year terms. They would sometimes volunteer willingly when promised a lesser service duration, while, in other instances, they were simply forced into it.

The role of the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels was to carry supplies and ammunition for soldiers, and they played a major role in assisting the wounded as they traveled to field hospitals. Typically, they’d pick up materials from an air drop zone and carry them for the Australians. On their way back, they’d pick up and take with them any wounded soldiers.

Poor treatment on the frontlines

Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels carrying an injured Australian soldier on a stretcher along the Kokoda Trail
“Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels” carrying a wounded Australian soldier along the Kokoda Trail, 1942. (Photo Credit: Damien Peter Parer / Australian War Memorial / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain)

Soon after fighting broke out along the Kokoda Track, various Australians wrote home about the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels. Sapper Bert Beros wrote a poem called The Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels, which was published in newspapers back in Australia.

This idea of the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels was only furthered in other letters home, proclaiming these men to be devoted and dedicated to the cause. Photojournalist George Silk captured the incredible photo of Raphael Oimbari helping recently-blinded Pvt. George Whittington to a field hospital, an image that tugged on everyone’s heartstrings and helped solidify the myth of these Indigenous men.

Although they’ve become somewhat mythologized for their role in the war effort, it cannot be overstated that much of this was forced labor in horrific conditions. While they certainly saved the lives of many Australians, the well-being of these men wasn’t prioritized, perhaps making their own frontline efforts even more admirable.

Dr. Geoffrey Vernon wrote about what they experienced: “The condition of our carriers at Eora Creek caused me more concern than that of the wounded. Overwork, overloading… exposure, cold and under-feeding were the common lot…”

Guardian angels

Fuzzy Wuzzy Angel helping George Whittington walk along a dirt path
Australian soldier Pvt. George Whittington aided by a “Fuzzy Wuzzy Angel,” 1942. (Photo Credit: George Silk / Australian War Memorial / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain)

Even through the worst of these conditions, there’s a reason these war carriers were viewed as angels by the Australians. Regardless of their motives for doing so, the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels put a lot of work into caring for the wounded. Maj. Henry Steward said the men they carried were “tended with the devotion of a mother and the care of a nurse.”

This level of dedication and care wasn’t abnormal, either. Maj. Gen. Frank Kingsley Norris said, ” They carried stretchers over seemingly impassible barriers, with the patient reasonably comfortable. The care they give to the patient is magnificent.

“If night finds the stretcher still on the track, they will find a level spot and build a shelter over the patient. They will make him as comfortable as possible, fetch him water and feed him if food is available, regardless of their own needs. They sleep four each side of the stretcher and if the patient moves or requires any attention during the night, this is given instantly. These were the deeds of the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels – for us!”

Legacy of the ‘Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels’

Fuzzy Wuzzy Angel waving while walking through a crowd
“Fuzzy Wuzzy Angel” participating in the Anzac Day march through Sydney, Australia, 2013. (Photo Credit: Greg Wood / AFP / Getty Images)

By all accounts, the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels didn’t abandon a single living injured patient, even under fire. It’s generally accepted among historians that the number of 625 dead during the Kokoda Track Campaign would’ve been significantly higher without their service.

How was this group of forced conscripts treated after the war? As early as 1943, some Australian soldiers wanted them to receive financial compensation and recognition for their acts. Nothing ever came of this, and it wasn’t until the 2000s that the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels received governmental recognition.

In a 2008 speech, Sen. Guy Barnett called for them to be officially recognized for their work. He said, “They carried stretchers, stores and sometimes wounded diggers directly on their shoulders over some of the toughest terrain in the world. Without them I think the Kokoda campaign would have been far more difficult than it was.”

His efforts were successful, and the Fuzzy Wuzzy Commemorative Medallion was created. Beginning in 2009, those still living were gathered with their families for a ceremonial presentation. Despite this, many Australian veterans who received the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angel’s excellent care felt the act was coming far too late to be of any real meaning.

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The last of these brave men to serve in Kokoda, Faole Bokoi, died in 2016. Havala Laula, the last of them all, died the following year.

Rosemary Giles

Rosemary Giles is a history content writer with Hive Media. She received both her bachelor of arts degree in history, and her master of arts degree in history from Western University. Her research focused on military, environmental, and Canadian history with a specific focus on the Second World War. As a student, she worked in a variety of research positions, including as an archivist. She also worked as a teaching assistant in the History Department.

Since completing her degrees, she has decided to take a step back from academia to focus her career on writing and sharing history in a more accessible way. With a passion for historical learning and historical education, her writing interests include social history, and war history, especially researching obscure facts about the Second World War. In her spare time, Rosemary enjoys spending time with her partner, her cats, and her horse, or sitting down to read a good book.

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