In military aviation, continuous progress is expected, with certain designs standing out for their distinctive features. The Russian Sukhoi Su-47 Berkut, featuring forward-swept wings, aimed to be a key advancement by combining speed, agility, and stealth in a design that appeared inspired by science fiction. Nevertheless, the concept never fully materialized, as only one prototype ever took flight.
When did the forward-swept wing concept originate?
Those familiar with the forward-swept wing concept likely recall that the Luftwaffe briefly looked into designing such an aircraft during the Second World War. Just two prototypes of the Junkers Ju 287, a tactical bomber, were built, with test flights showing just minor issues with the aircraft’s power plant.
As the German military and government realized the conflict was falling into the Allies’ favor, development of the Ju 287 was put on hold, allowing resources to be saved for the Emergency Fighter Program – specifically, the Heinkel He 162 Volksjäger, a single-engine fighter that served with the Luftwaffe during the final months of the war.
In early 1945, work on the Ju 287 was resumed, but before an aircraft could be fully completed, the Red Army took over the plant where the work was being done. Despite never entering service, however, the unique concept was explored following the conflict, with American aircraft companies, in particular, looking into its possible applications.
Sukhoi Su-47 Berkut specs.
The Su-47 Berkut stood out due to its unconventional design. Though the most noticeable feature was its forward-swept wings, the main purpose of its development was to act as a testing platform for new composite materials and fly-by-wire control systems.
In terms of size, the Su-47 was comparable to other Sukhoi fighters. It incorporated elements and components from earlier models, such as the tandem-triple layout from the Su-37 “Flanker-F” and vertical tails, fuselage, and landing gear from the Su-27 “Flanker.”
Equipped with two Soloviev D-30F11 afterburning turbofan engines, the Su-47 could achieve a maximum speed of Mach 1.12 at sea level and Mach 2.21 at higher altitudes, with a range of approximately 2,100 miles. Although only one prototype was ever produced and it had no armaments equipped, the design did include 14 hardpoints for weaponry.
Making use of forward-swept wings
At the heart of the Su-47 Berkut‘s performance was its revolutionary design, characterized by the aforementioned forward-swept wings. This feature wasn’t solely for visual impact, as it played a key role in redefining the aircraft’s aerodynamic capabilities by facilitating improved lift dynamics and enabling the Su-47 to perform tighter turns. It also made use of two vertical stabilizers, as opposed to the standard horizontal ones.
That being said, this design prevented the Su-47 from performing well at supersonic speeds, with it best achieving subsonic and transonic speeds. There were other issues, as well. More stress was placed upon the wings than would typically be experienced with straight- or aft-wing aircraft, making the Su-47 “aerodynamically unstable,” and the cost of upkeep would have been much higher than your standard fighter. As well, the additional weight of armaments would have constrained the g-load capacity.
Sukhoi Su-47 Berkut and the dissolution of the Soviet Union
As with many projects that were initiated in the final years of the Soviet Union, its collapse caused government funding for the Su-47 Berkut to disappear. With just funds from Sukhoi available, there wasn’t much in the way of resources.
The Su-47 made its public debut at the 1997 Paris Air Show, followed by appearances at other events. It was formally introduced to the Russian Air Force in 2000 and began its first trials in December of the following year. Unfortunately, it was decided that, instead of entering mass production, the Su-47 would remain in the prototype phase and become a demonstrator for any future fighter aircraft designs.
More from us: Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23: The Most-Produced Variable-Sweep Wing Aircraft in History
Lessons learned from the construction of the Su-47 were used to develop the Su-35 “Flanker-E” and Su-57 “Felon,” both of which are still in service. In 2022, it was announced by state-owned Rostec that the fighter was being used to aid in the development of new unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, the exact details of the project have remained under wraps.