Archaeologists with the National Park Service (NPS) have identified the wreck of a centuries-old British warship that was found off the coast of the Florida Keys in 1993. The HMS Tyger sank within the boundaries of what is now Dry Tortugas National Park in the 18th century during the War of Jenkins’ Ear.
Launched in 1647, the HMS Tyger, a 38-gun fourth rate frigate, served with the Royal Navy for nearly a century, participating in the English Civil War and the First and Second Anglo-Dutch Wars. Rebuilt several times during her career, the ship was serving in the War of Jenkins’ Ear when she ran aground on a reef in the Dry Tortugas, as her crew had misidentified the location as the Reques Keys.
When it became clear Tyger wouldn’t budge, her crew of 300 left the ship and became stranded on what is today Garden Key, the second-largest island in the Dry Tortugas. They spent 66 days there, building what became the land mass’ first fortifications and surviving swarms of mosquitos, extreme heat and a lack of drinkable water. They even built boats from the frigate’s wood, which they used to search for help and launch a failed attack on a Spanish ship.
To ensure Tyger‘s armaments wouldn’t be taken by the Spanish forces, the vessel was burned, sinking to where she lies today.
The vessel’s remains were first located in 1993, but they weren’t identified until recently, after years of work by the Southeast Archaeological Center, the Submerged Resources Center and archaeologists with Dry Tortugas National Park. Their research, which began in 2021, uncovered not only five cannons several hundred yards from the wreck, but logbooks that confirmed the weapons belonged to Tyger.
According to a press release by the National Park Service, the six- and nine-pound cannons were thrown overboard when Tyger first ran aground, in an attempt to lighten the ship’s load and refloat her.
“Archaeological finds are exciting, but connecting those finds to the historical record helps us tell the stories of the people that came before us and the events they experienced,” Park Manager James Crutchfield said in the release. “This particular story is one of perseverance and survival. National Parks help to protect these untold stories as they come to life.”
Maritime archaeologist Josh Morano, who led the team, added, “This discovery highlights the importance of preservation in place as future generations of archaeologists, armed with more advanced technologies and research tools, are able to reexamine sites and make new discoveries.”
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The team’s findings were published in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. Given the positive identification, the wreck of the HMS Tyger is now afforded protection under the Sunken Military Craft Act of 2004, along with those already given under regulations related to Dry Tortugas National Park.