Germany invented the Krummlauf to try to curve bullets in World War II

Photo Credit: Keystone / Getty Images (Colorized by Palette.fm)

The idea of bullets traveling around corners, famously depicted in the curved bullet scene from Wanted (2008), wasn’t a new idea. In reality, during World War II, the German Army dedicated a lot of time and resources to developing and employing a gun attachment called the Krummlauf to do just that.

The German Army’s hopes for the Krummlauf

The Krummlauf was designed to attach to the barrel of the StG 44 assault rifle. (Photo Credit: Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-1985-0104-501 / Lange / Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 3.0 de)

The Krummlauf was developed in 1943 as the German Army sought to create an attachment capable of curving bullets fired from the straight barrels of standard assault rifles and machine guns. Initial experiments involved attaching a 20 mm curved barrel to an eight mm rifle before finalizing the design.

The attachment was intended for use with the MP 44 (StG 44), enabling soldiers to fire at targets while avoiding exposure to return fire. The plan was to equip every MP 44 operator with a Krummlauf, with the ultimate goal of shifting the momentum of the Second World War in Germany’s favor.

Use by German infantrymen

StG 44 fitted with a Krummlauf attachment. (Photo Credit: Joe Loong / Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 2.0)

The infantry version of the Krummlauf, known as the “I” variant, measured 14 inches in length and included a 30-degree bend in its barrel. Its design consisted of a four-inch straight barrel segment, a five-and-a-half-inch curved section, and a final four-and-a-half-inch straight portion. In addition to being compatible with the StG 44, it could also be fitted to the MG 42.

A mirror was used to let operators see where they were aiming

German troops in a trench during close-combat training at a military academy in Doberitz, Germany, 1938. (Photo Credits: FPG / Hulton Archive / Getty Images).

The version designed for infantry featured a mirror that enabled the operator to clearly see their target without exposing their position. According to The Armory Life, “Using the curved barrel, a German gunner would be at least 20 cm below the edge of his foxhole or whatever cover he was using.”

The design also allowed for a cheek weld stance, thanks to a front sight mounted at the end of the Krummlauf, along with a rear sight positioned behind the mirror.

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Equipped by the Elefant tank destroyer

StG 44 fitted with a Krummlauf attachment. (Photo Credit: Der rikkk / Wikimedia Commons CC BY 3.0)

The tank variant of the Krummlauf had four different versions: a 30, 45 and 60-degree barrel, as well as one coming in at a more severe 90-degree angle, dubbed the “Versatz P.” This model was designed to allow the rifle to be positioned vertically, to reduce the amount of space it took up. The intent was to mount it on a hemispherical steel ball with a cup joint, with the ability to tuck the curved barrel into a port in the vehicle’s armor.

This version of the Krummlauf was initially intended to be equipped by the Elefant tank destroyer. Approximately 500 were produced and delivered, along with 1,500 specially-designed sights.

Problems with the Krummlauf

M3 submachine gun with a curved barrel. (Photo Credit: Keystone / Getty Images)

When the US military got ahold of the Krummlauf following World War II, officials tested at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. Those charged with conducting the tests quickly discovered the attachment was essentially a failure, as it had a very short lifespan. It was originally expected the Krummlauf would survive 6,000 rounds being fired. In reality, the 30-degree version managed a lifespan of just 300, while the 45-degree variant survived only 160.

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When a round was fired, the bullet experienced so much friction as it traveled through the barrel that it would heat to extremely high temperatures. By the time it left the muzzle, it would shatter, creating an effect similar to that of a shotgun. This made the Krummlauf only effective in close-range use.

Samantha Franco: Samantha Franco is a Freelance Content Writer who received her Bachelor of Arts degree in history from the University of Guelph, and her Master of Arts degree in history from the University of Western Ontario. Her research focused on Victorian, medical, and epidemiological history with a focus on childhood diseases. Stepping away from her academic career, Samantha previously worked as a Heritage Researcher and now writes content for multiple sites covering an array of historical topics. In her spare time, Samantha enjoys reading, knitting, and hanging out with her dog, Chowder!
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