On October 3, 2009, over 300 Taliban insurgents mounted an assault on the US Army Combat Outpost (COP) Keating in Kamdesh, Afghanistan. The approximately 50 soldiers of Black Knight Troop (3-61 Cavalry Regiment, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division) stationed there were largely outnumbered and faced overwhelming odds. Despite their valiant defense, the battle led to severe losses: eight soldiers were killed, and 22 sustained injuries.
Kamdesh wasn’t a good location for a combat outpost
Combat Outpost (COP) Keating was established in 2006 in Afghanistan’s Nuristan province, within the Landai Sin Valley. Most soldiers arriving there considered it a poor location for a base, as the valley was overlooked by towering mountains that exposed COP Keating to attacks from above. The rough, nearby road used by Afghan forces meant resupply missions had to take place at night via helicopter.
Despite these challenges, COP Keating’s location was strategically chosen for its proximity to the Pakistani border. The area was crucial for anti-coalition forces who relied on supply routes through Pakistan, and it was hoped that positioning allied troops in Kamdesh—where three valley systems converged at the border—could disrupt the flow of weapons and fighters from across the border.
One primary mission of the base was to foster relationships with local residents through improvement projects as a counterinsurgency effort, yet Taliban forces continued to traverse the area. By 2009, three years after opening, COP Keating was ultimately judged ineffective due to its weak defenses and limited strategic value, leading to a scheduled closure in August 2009.
Since its opening, COP Keating had regularly faced sniper and mortar attacks, but these escalated significantly in 2009, with 212 incidents reported in the first nine months alone. To compound matters, delays in its closure arose from inadequate transportation and rising tensions between U.S. President Barack Obama and Afghan President Hamid Karzai. This left the Black Knight Troop in an increasingly exposed position, making disaster nearly certain.
Battle of Kamdesh, minute by minute
At around 3:00 AM on October 3, 2009, 300 Taliban-backed insurgents arrived in Kamdesh and asked that locals evacuate. After they finished their morning prayers, they opened fire on COP Keating with Soviet-era B-10 recoilless rifles, DShK heavy machine guns, rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) and mortar fire.
The insurgents had extensive knowledge of the base’s layout and weaponry, and they first targeted its most powerful weapon: the 120 mm mortar. As fighters descended upon COP Keating, others targeted nearby Observation Post Fritsche. At 6:03 AM, the post sent out an urgent message, “FRITSCHE AND KEATING IN HEAVY CONTACT.”
Within two minutes, the first US soldier was killed; Pfc. Kevin Thomson was shot in the face while defending the northernmost mortar pit. Not long after, Sgt. Josh Kirk was struck by RPG shrapnel while preparing to fire an AT4 anti-tank rocket. This was followed by a sniper’s bullet to the head.
The US troops tried to return fire from armored Humvees equipped with machine guns, but were overwhelmed as their ammunition ran low. Sgt. Vernon Martin was struck by a bullet and, shortly after, an RPG knocked a .50 caliber machine gun off its mount, spraying shrapnel and inflicting him with additional injuries.
Martin and another soldier were near a Humvee when they were joined by Sgt. Justin Gallegos and Spc. Stephen Mace. The four got into the vehicle as Spc. Ty Carter ran through a barrage of bullets with ammunition for the Humvee’s M240 machine gun, which was no longer operational. Without any way of fending off the ensuing Taliban forces, COP Keating was left even more vulnerable.
Spc. Michael Scusa was killed by a bullet to the neck while running from the barracks to defend another position. Hoping to cover the men trapped in the Humvee, Staff Sgt. Clinton Romesha began firing his M48 machine gun at the enemy, but was injured by the overwhelming gunfire.
Afghani guards fled as the fighting intensified
Forty-eight minutes after the Battle of Kamdesh commenced, the Taliban had breached COP Keating’s perimeter defenses. Local Afghan National Army soldiers, assigned as guards around the base, were urged to hold their positions, but ultimately fled as the fighting escalated. American soldiers reported that none of the Afghan troops remained, choosing instead to run, hide, or steal equipment and supplies from the base during and after the attack.
The Taliban breached the base and ignited its main buildings. An hour into the battle, the defenders of COP Keating retreated to safeguard two structures as more of the base was lost. As more fighters infiltrated, the remaining U.S. troops recognized that the risk of being overrun was increasing. Lt. Andrew Bundermann began issuing orders to contract the perimeter and concentrate their firepower. However, Romesha delivered one final rallying cry, urging the men to “retake this ******* camp and drive the ******* Taliban out!”
The small group started devising two coordinated attacks. Sfc. Jonathan Hill agreed to lead his men to the east side, while Romesha rallied several troops to join him in the west to reclaim both the ammunition storage shed and the main entry point to the base. As they formulated their plan, Boeing AH-64 Apaches arrived on the scene and began targeting Taliban positions along the mountainside.
A final attempt to take back control of Combat Outpost Keating
Romesha rallied his men with the words, “We’re taking this b***h back,” as they advanced toward the ammunition storage shed. They seized grenades and targeted the Shura building, a mosque that was occupied by Taliban fighters. Despite facing hundreds of insurgents, the eight soldiers managed to clear the area, secure the dining hall and then fortify the entrance to COP Keating.
While American air strikes provided crucial support, a new danger arose; a burning tree threatened the aid station, which housed wounded men. Fortunately, the remaining fighters quickly cut down the tree with a chainsaw before it could cause harm. By 12:30 PM, most of the Taliban fighters had fled, acknowledging their defeat.
The 1-32 Infantry Quick Reaction Force (QRF) arrived and eliminated the remaining insurgents, resulting in 150 being killed during the battle. By 7:00 PM, COP Keating was secured. Eight American soldiers were killed and 22 wounded.
Within days, the remaining troops were evacuated, and the base was destroyed by a Rockwell B-1 Lancer.
Reliving what happened during the Battle of Kamdesh
In 2013, Romesha and Carter received the Medal of Honor for their courage, bravery and leadership during the Battle of Kamdesh. Additionally, 27 Purple Hearts, nine Silver Stars, 37 Army Commendation Medals with “V” and 21 Bronze Stars were presented to others who fought. The Silver Stars awarded to Bundermann and Gallegos (the latter posthumously) were upgraded to Distinguished Service Crosses.
In 2020, a film about the attack on COP Keating was released, based on Jake Tapper’s best-selling book, The Outpost: An Untold Story of American Valor. When one of the battle’s veterans caught wind that his experience would be made into a movie, he felt concerned about how the battle would be portrayed.
Writing in an article for The New York Times, retired Lt. Col. Stoney Portis explained, “Over the years, I have learned that sharing the experience allowed many of us to put our emotions into words. That process helped us heal, but a bad rendering of the battle would leave us talking about what the movie got wrong instead of what actually happened.”
Portis reached out to director Rob Lurie, who himself is a US Army veteran and graduate of US Military Academy West Point. He and fellow veteran, retired Maj. Chris Cordova, flew to Bulgaria to visit the film’s set. “When Cordova and I arrived on set, both of us were astounded. It looked just like our outpost on the day of the battle,” Portis wrote.
In his NYT piece, the veteran described walking into the replica aid station, where Cordova burst into tears. Nearly 10 years prior, his travel companion, a physician’s assistant at COP Keating, had worked for hours treating the wounded from the battle. One of those he’d cared for was 21-year-old Mace, whom Cordova kept alive for nine hours by giving him blood transfusions from other soldiers, including himself.
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Portis described how he and Cordova felt watching The Outpost be filmed, reliving the most traumatic day of their lives. In a bizarre twist, the combat veteran realized the powerful nature of watching his story – to be a listener, instead of the speaker. As he explained, listening is one of the biggest parts of the healing process, as by “allowing soldiers to tell their story, by hearing their story, you are also part of the healing.”