Here’s everything we know so far about the US Navy’s plan to equip Zumwalt-class destroyers with hypersonic missiles

Photo Credit: PO1 Ace Rheaume / U.S. Navy / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain

The US Navy’s most important research and development focus is on hypersonic missiles—projectiles that can travel at speeds faster than the sound barrier. Originally, the plan was to equip cruise-missile submarines with these weapons first, followed by a broader rollout to additional vessels. However, Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Mike Gilday recently stated that the Navy will instead prioritize arming Zumwalt-class guided-missile destroyers with hypersonic missiles first.
Launch of a common hypersonic glide body at the Pacific Missile Range Facility in Kauai, Hawaii, 2020. (Photo Credit: United States Navy / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain)

The Navy identifies the hypersonic missile as a conventional prompt strike weapon, using a hypersonic glide body jointly developed with the US Army. This glide body, which houses the warhead, is launched by a conventional rocket booster. Once the booster separates, the missile continues toward its target. Although it no longer accelerates, it keeps its maneuverability.

It is this maneuverability—rather than its ability to exceed Mach 5—that makes it exceedingly difficult to defend against, to the point that current defense systems cannot effectively counter it. This characteristic has positioned hypersonic missiles as a central point of competition among the United States, Russia, and China.

USS Zumwalt (DDG-1000) conducting sea trials in the Atlantic Ocean, December 2015. (Photo Credit: U.S. Navy / General Dynamics Bath Iron Works / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain)

The Zumwalt-class of guided-missile destroyers consists of just three ships: the USS Zumwalt (DDG-1000) Michael Monsoor (DDG-1001) and the upcoming Lyndon B. Johnson (DDG-1002). The lead ship was first delivered to the Navy in May 2016 and commissioned a few months later.

The guided-missile destroyers were designed by Northrop Grumman Ship Systems, and Raytheon Company served as the systems integrator. General Dynamics Bath Iron Works, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems Land and Armament, and Boeing worked on the project as well.

The Zumwalt-class are designed to operate in littoral waters, so the Navy is working to outfit them as blue-water surface warfare and naval-strike platforms. Their primary weapon was to be the Advanced Gun System, with its pair of 155 mm guns using Long Range Land Attack Projectiles. Reducing the number of Zumwalt-class ships to three raised the price per shell of ammunition to nearly $1 million per round, so the service was forced to reconsider its original plans.

The main issues facing the Navy before it can implement the plan are that the hypersonic missiles aren’t completely developed yet, and the vertical-launch-system cells on the Zumwalt-class destroyers aren’t large enough to hold the new missiles.

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In the middle of March 2021, the Navy solicited defense industry partners for ways to reconfigure the Zumwalt-class vessels, so they could handle the new hypersonic missiles. In the solicitation, they requested an advanced payload module that could carry the missiles in a “three-pack configuration.”

Gilday also mentioned that the Navy is looking for ways to use the power-generating abilities of the Zumwalt-class to use direct-energy weapons as a defense against emerging threats.

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After outfitting the Zumwalt-class guided-missile destroyers with the hypersonic missiles, the Navy plans to add the weapons to their Virginia-class submarines. The goal is to have the missiles on the former by 2025.

Ian Harvey:
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