At the 2017 Armed Forces Skill at Arms (AFSAM) competition, the Canadian Armed Forces fielded their top marksmen, equipped with 20 World War II-era, field-issued Browning Hi-Power semi-automatic pistols. However, only five of these pistols could be used, as 15 malfunctioned during warm-ups and had to be removed from service.
During the competition, each of the 10 Canadian shooters faced an average of four-and-a-half stoppages while firing a total of 2,810 rounds. In stark contrast, the 20 British soldiers participating in the event fired 5,620 rounds without experiencing a single stoppage.
Why is this important? It’s astonishing that a modern military force like Canada’s was still relying on a nearly century-old pistol, especially when newer and much more reliable alternatives exist. While the Canadian Armed Forces have since adopted a new service pistol, this change did not take place until 2024—almost 90 years after the Hi-Power was first introduced!
Development of the Browning Hi-Power
The Browning Hi-Power was invented by John Browning in 1911 for Fabrique Nationale, in Belgium. It was developed following a request by the French military for a new service pistol that could equip a 1o-round magazine while still being compact, take out an enemy combatant from 50 meters away, and be easily disassembled and reassembled.
The final product was officially introduced into service in 1935, with it featuring a detachable magazine capable of holding either 10, 13, 15, or 17 rounds, depending on the need. It could fire 9 x 19 mm and 7.65 x 21 mm Parabellum rounds, as well as .40 S&W bullets, and was compact enough for deployment in combat.
One of history’s most reliable pistols
Over time, over 50 militaries around the world adopted the Browning Hi-Power as their service pistol, with it considered the most reliable of the era. It was so popular that it became one of the few to be equipped by both the Allied and Axis Powers during World War II and its associated conflicts, including the Winter and Continuation Wars.
Outside of the Second World War, the Hi-Power saw use with elite American units during the Vietnam War, as well as with the French during both the First Indochina War and the Algerian War. The pistol began to fall out of favor in the 1990s, as modern weapons began to show their capabilities, and production was ended in 2017. However, it was restarted in 2022, with upgrades made to the pistol.
Browning Hi-Power and the Canadian Armed Forces
Following the initial cancellation of the Browning Hi-Power, the Canadian military resorted to scavenging parts from other Browning firearms to keep malfunctioning pistols operational. As close-quarters urban combat increasingly tested the effectiveness of service rifles, the Canadian Armed Forces found itself lacking a dependable sidearm.
The situation had deteriorated to the point where Canadian soldiers joked that hurling the pistol at an enemy might be more effective than attempting to fire it. Bob Kinch, a former competitive marksman with the Canadian Armed Forces, even quipped that while he’d pick the Browning over a sharp stick, he would still “look fondly” at the latter.
Not long ago, the British Army was still equipping its troops with World War II-era Browning pistols. Recognizing the growing risk posed by these aging weapons, they began testing replacements, eventually settling on the Glock 17 (Gen 4). You might expect Canada to have followed suit, but it took much longer for the country’s military to consider alternatives to the Hi-Power.
Why does the Canadian Armed Forces have so many units?
The Browning Hi-Powers equipped by the Canadian Armed Forces were manufactured by John Inglis and Company in Toronto, Ontario. They were intended to be sold to China to help combat the Japanese, but the latter surrendered before the pistols could be delivered, meaning Canada was left with a surplus of units.
There were so many, in fact, that, in the early 2000s, there were still unused Hi-Powers sitting in their original factory packaging.
Pursuing an alternative to the Browning Hi-Power
The Browning Hi-Power is showing its age in other ways, too. There’s no place to mount a flashlight on the original models and the small sights are difficult to aim in low-light conditions. The pistols can’t be fired while wearing gloves or with the left hand, and the long hammer can cut open the shooter’s palm. They’re also pretty heavy, due to their all-metal construction.
The Canadian Armed Forces began looking into purchasing replacement service pistols in the mid-2010s, but the process became bogged down. To fill the gap left by the aging Hi-Powers, the military introduced the Army Interim Pistol Program to purchase around 7,000 pistols. The gun’s successor, the SIG Sauer P320 (designated the C22 in Canada), was chosen in 2022. Units began to be distributed in 2023, with it reported the process was completed the following year.
More from us: Heckler & Koch G3: The Cold War-Era Battle Rifle That’s Stood the Test of Time
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As for the Hi-Powers, it’s currently unknown how they’ll be destroyed. It’s been suggested they’ll be smelted, but this hasn’t been confirmed.
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