Lee Van Cleef was a key figure in the golden age of American Western films. Known for his unique looks and composed manner, he was the perfect on-screen villain. Yet, off-screen, Van Cleef was a hero, having served his country in World War II.
Lee Van Cleef enlisted in the US Navy
Clarence LeRoy “Lee” Van Cleef, Jr. was born on January 9, 1925. Raised in Somerville, New Jersey, he graduated early from high school with the intention of enlisting in the US Navy. By then, the United States was fully engaged in the Second World War, and the future Western star was eager to contribute.
Van Cleef completed basic training in late 1942 and subsequently attended Sonarman School. After finishing this phase, he was assigned the rank of sonarman third class and stationed on the submarine chaser USS SC-681. During this 10-month assignment, the ship was deployed to the Caribbean to search for German U-boats in the area.
When Van Cleef was ordered to leave the vessel to attend the Fleet Sound School in Key West, Florida, he had been promoted to sonarman second class.
Participating in the Allied landings of France
After graduating from Fleet Sound School, Lee Van Cleef was assigned to Savannah, Georgia, as part of the pre-commissioning crew for the minesweeper USS Incredible (AM-249). After the ship’s shakedown cruise along the East Coast and the Caribbean, Van Cleef and the crew were deployed to Europe to assist with the Allied invasion of southern France.
While stationed in the Mediterranean, the Incredible was responsible for locating and clearing enemy mines along the French coastline. In September 1944, the ship played a critical role in thwarting a German human torpedo attack on Allied ships.
During this time, Van Cleef stood out for his diligence and dedication. He consistently worked to better his skills, mastering sonar equipment operations and refining his ability to interpret the essential data it provided.
Operations in the Pacific Theater
After six months, Incredible traveled to the Black Sea, where she resumed her minesweeping operations while stationed at the Soviet naval base in Sevastopol, Crimea. Her crew also conducted air-sea rescue patrols before moving on to Palermo, Italy, and eventually returning to her home port in Norfolk, Virginia.
By July 1945, Incredible was deployed once more, this time to the Pacific Theater. The ship and her crew participated in the post-war Operation Skagway, clearing mines around the Ryukyu Islands and in the East China Sea. With these tasks completed, Lee Van Cleef returned to the United States, where he was discharged on February 20, 1946, with the rank of sonarman first class..
For his service during World War II, Van Cleef was awarded the Bronze Star, the World War II Victory Medal, the Good Conduct Medal, the American Campaign Medal, the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal and the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal.
Lee Van Cleef decided to give acting a try
Following his military service, Lee Van Cleef returned to New Jersey, where he participated in community theater. He worked his way up and eventually found himself in Manhattan, at the behest of a talent scout. His big break came in the 1952 Western, High Noon, starring Gary Cooper. Van Cleef had actually been offered a more prominent role if he’d gotten a nose job, but he declined and, instead, played the villainous Jack Colby.
His role in High Noon greatly influenced Van Cleef’s career trajectory. Over the following decade, he appeared in many Westerns, usually playing the villain, and noir films. He also made a number of television appearances, acting on such shows as Annie Oakley (1954-57), The Rifleman (1958-63) and Gunsmoke (1955-75). Similar to his film career, the majority of these small screen productions were in the American Western genre.
Becoming a sought-after actor
In 1965, Sergio Leone cast Lee Van Cleef as the villain in For a Few Dollars More. His work opposite Clint Eastwood was so good that he was subsequently cast as the villain in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966).
It was the latter role that made Van Cleef a star and much sought-after actor. He continued to appear in movies directed by Leone throughout the remainder of the 1960s, and also starred in such features as Death Rides a Horse (1967), Day of Anger (1967) and Sabata (1969).
While Van Cleef arguably made his biggest films in the 1960s, he kept on acting throughout the 1970s and ’80s. Some of his most notable movie appearances during this time included as Police Commissioner Bob Hauk in Escape from New York (1981) and as US Marshal Chris Adams in The Magnificent Seven Ride! (1972). He even appeared alongside famed action star Chuck Norris in 1980’s The Octagon.
Lee Van Cleef worked up until his death
Lee Van Cleef continued working up until his death, appearing in 90 films and receiving 109 television credits. On December 16, 1989, the famed actor suffered a heart attack at his California home and passed away. He’d been diagnosed with heart disease in the late 1970s and had since had a pacemaker installed. In the autopsy report, throat cancer was listed as a secondary cause.
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In recognition of his impact on the Western genre, many of those who attended Van Cleef’s funeral wore period-authentic clothing and cowboy hats. He was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Hollywood Hills, California.