One of the main designers of the B-2 Spirit is serving 32 years at a supermax prison for industrial espionage

Photo Credit: 1. Staff Sgt. Andy Dunaway / U.S. Air Force / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain 2. Canva
Photo Credit: 1. Staff Sgt. Andy Dunaway / U.S. Air Force / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain 2. Canva
The Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit is a renowned American heavy strategic bomber, celebrated for its cutting-edge stealth technology that enables it to bypass enemy defenses and perform deep-strike missions without detection. Between 1987 and 2000, 21 B-2s were produced, with the first being delivered to the U.S. Air Force on January 1, 1997. Noshir Gowadia, a key figure in its development, was instrumental in its design.

Gowadia described himself as the “father of the technology that shields the B-2 stealth bomber from heat-seeking missiles.” However, in 2010, he was convicted of industrial espionage and sentenced to 32 years in prison.

Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit

Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit 'Spirit of Indiana' in flight
Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit Spirit of Indiana. (Photo Credit: Adrian Pingstone / U.S. Air Force / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain)

As previously mentioned, the B-2 Spirit stands out as one of the most sophisticated aircraft ever created. Its combination of power and stealth allows it to carry out missions that other bombers cannot reach, making it a crucial component of the US Air Force. The B-2’s key advantage lies in its capacity to deploy large air-to-surface standoff weapons while preserving its stealthy profile.

The B-2’s exceptional stealth is achieved through careful design and engineering. Its engines are housed within the aircraft rather than being mounted externally, and it employs advanced technology to cool its emissions, minimizing infrared detection. Additionally, it operates with quieter performance compared to other bombers.

The B-2 fulfills a distinctive role among bombers by targeting and neutralizing anti-aircraft defenses, thereby allowing less stealthy aircraft to enter and perform their missions. It has been employed in conflicts such as the Iraq and Afghanistan wars and made its combat debut during the Kosovo War in the 1990s.

Noshir Gowadia went from patriotic engineer to treasonous spy

Close-up of Noshir Gowadia
Noshir Gowadia. (Photo Credit: Cpo999 / Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 4.0)

Noshir Gowadia began his career at Northrop in 1968, where he played an important role as the lead designer in developing the stealth technology for the B-2 Spirit. Despite hiscontributions to the aircraft, he left Northrop-Grumman in 1986. Thirteen years later, he founded his own consulting firm, N.S. Gowadia, Inc.

After leaving the company, Gowadia engaged in treasonous activities, using his expertise for personal profit. In 2002, he allegedly sent a fax containing classified infrared technology details to at least three foreign countries. He is also accused of aiding China by providing a cruise missile design that showcased the weapon’s effectiveness against American air-to-air defenses.

Arrested by federal agents

Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit in flight
Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit. (Photo Credit: Staff Sgt. Bennie J. Davis III / U.S. Air Force / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain)

In October 2005, federal agents interviewed Noshir Gowadia twice and conducted a search of his home. On October 26, he was arrested and charged with one count of “willfully communicating, delivering or transmitting national defense information to a person not entitled to receive it, which information the possessor has reason to believe could be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of a foreign nation.”

On November 8, a federal grand jury issued an 18-count indictment against Gowadia. According to a press release from the Department of Justice:

“The indictment charges Gowadia with ‘performing substantial defense-related service for the People’s Republic of China (PRC) by agreeing to design, and later designing, a low observable cruise missile exhaust system nozzle capable of rendering the missile less susceptible to detection and interception.'”

The indictment further outlined Gowadia’s trips to China to support the development of this system.

Noshir Gowadia stands trial for his crimes

Judicial portrait of Susan Oki Mollway
US District Judge Susan Oki Mollway. (Photo Credit: United States District Court for the State of Hawaii / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain)

Noshir Gowadia’s trial was initially set for July 2007, but it was postponed to February of the following year to allow the Department of Justice time to conduct a background check on his new attorney. The case faced further delays until late 2009, as it became necessary to evaluate Gowadia’s mental competency for trial, due to his unwillingness to cooperate with his legal team.

In November 2009, US Magistrate Judge Kevin S.C. Chang ruled that the strained relationship between Gowadia and his attorneys did not indicate incompetence, a decision supported by Chief US District Judge Susan Oki Mollway. Consequently, the trial commenced on April 12, 2010, with closing arguments on July 29.

A guilty verdict is returned by the jury

ADX Florence.
United States Penitentiary, Administrative Maximum Facility (USP Florence ADMAX) in Fremont County, Colorado. (Photo Credit: Federal Bureau of Prisons / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain)

The jury returned a verdict on August 10, finding Noshir Gowadia guilty of both espionage and violating the Arms Export Control Act. Sentencing occurred on January 24, 2011, with the designer sentenced to 32 years in prison. He was incarcerated at ADX Florence, a maximum security prison in Fremont County, Colorado. He is scheduled for release on February 1, 2032.

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It remains unclear how damaging Gowadia’s secret selling has been, but it is known that Germany, Israel, China, and other nations benefited from his espionage. While it could be an interesting coincidence, the Chinese stealth fighter Chengdu J-20 Mighty Dragon flew for the first time the same month Gowadia was sentenced. This might be the first indication of the impact his actions may have had.

Ryan McLachlan

Ryan McLachlan is a historian and content writer for Hive Media. He received his Bachelor of Arts in History and Classical Studies and his Master of Arts in History from the University of Western Ontario. Ryan’s research focused on military history, and he is particularly interested in the conflicts fought by the United Kingdom from the Napoleonic Wars to the Falklands War.

Ryan’s other historical interests include naval and maritime history, the history of aviation, the British Empire, and the British Monarchy. He is also interested in the lives of Sir Winston Churchill and Admiral Lord Nelson. Ryan enjoys teaching, reading, writing, and sharing history with anyone who will listen.

In his spare time, he enjoys watching period dramas such as Murdoch Mysteries and Ripper Street and also enjoys reading classical literature and Shakespeare. He also plays football and is an afternoon tea connoisseur.